Small-scale cannabis farms—the very pioneers of the industry—are being purged out of the legal market as the wholesale price per pound plummets, while at the same time, invaluable genetics are ripped off and renamed, often inaccurately.

Anybody who has been in the game long enough knows that craft cannabis grown in the Emerald Triangle—Humboldt, Mendocino and Trinity counties—is among the finest in the world, representing a different class of flower.

Doc Ray is an U.S. Army Green Beret. He was a former professor of art and has been a respected cultivator in Emerald Triangle for over 50 years. He’s the creator of countless terp-ridden strains—the type of varieties you want to write home about. He’s also a storyteller, with tales such as gun fights with DEA agents in the hills of Northern California since the ‘70s. He talked with Chronic News to discuss his mission: save heritage cultivators and unveil a new collaboration with some of Emerald Triangle’s rising heavyweights.

“I’m an old-school outlaw cultivator,” Doc Ray told Chronic News. “I’m kind of an open book at this stage. I’ve been around the block a few times. I’m an old school Green Beret. I’m a little rough and crusty. At this stage in the game, I just call it like I see it.”

As a Phenotype-Specific Geneticist, Doc Ray owns some brands such as Doc Ray Genetics—with mouthwatering beans such as Malawi Gold Mango. In Arcata in California, he also runs a microbusiness that cultivates cannabis. Doc Ray is an experienced breeder and has been involved in all aspects of cannabis cultivation.

But lately, amid unprecedented thievery and competition with cheap “deps,” Doc Ray has been exploring patented strains, intellectual property (IP) and blockchain technology as a means to protect small scale growers and the strains they love, almost like one of their own children.

“I just don’t want outlaws to come in and rip me off all the fucking time. That’s the model I’ve built, which is apparently pretty fuckin’ popular now. Three years ago, people said, ‘I can’t believe you’re going to patent plants!’” -Co-founder Doc Ray

Doc Ray’s Road to Divine Genetics

Doc Ray has been smoking grass since the ‘70s. “I was a kid in high school and smoked my first joint,” Doc Ray said. “Vietnam was tapering off. One of my buddy’s older brothers came back from ‘Nam in the summer of ‘72 when I cultivated my first plant. This was my first ever experience with cultivation. Northern Mendocino County was where I grew-up. It’s just a lifestyle there. Not like it is now—a Holy Grail mecca type of place as the Emerald Triangle. It’s a way of life.”

Doc Ray was always involved in some kind of gardening role. “Even when I was in college or teaching, I always had a closet grow or something going on in my garden,” he said.

Doc Ray was incarcerated in the mid-’80s over a miniscule amount of pot. But it didn’t cause him to deviate from his path. “I just shifted my game—going completely underground,” he said. “My voter registration card took you down a dirt road in the middle of nowhere and it just stopped. I’m one of the original Mendocino outlaws—you know, green mountain boys. As guardians of the valley, we were so called. The ones in their ‘40s and ‘50s know me now. Everybody was allowed in. You just didn’t roll up in there, or you had to deal with us. Our motherfuckers were all ex-Special Forces. That’s just how we were.”

Doc Ray got into an altercation with the County Sheriffs in the early ‘90s and over the next 10 years, the industry he once knew sort of slowly vanished before his eyes. Doc Ray was an Prop. 215 caregiver in Mendocino County in 1997—the first year anyone could. His journeys for cultivation-related projects took him to Big Sur and other places. 

By the time it got to the early 2000s, things started shifting and Doc Ray couldn’t stand it anymore, with the price per pound reaching new depths. This man was responsible for making a lot medicine and for many people. What is worth a few hundred bucks now may have once been worth thousands for the exact same flower twenty years ago. And nothing’s changed—if anything, growers have gotten better at it. As adult-use became more common, the price of cultivators plummeted.

He has had his gears shift over the past 10-12 year, having survived a minor motorcycle accident in 2009. In 2009, he moved back to Humboldt County. “I got my eye knocked out and I was left for dead on the side of the road,” he said.

Doc Ray has spent the past 12 years playing around with genetics. The number of patented cannabis genetics continues to grow in 2021, as plant patents are granted by the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) to anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces any distinct and new variety—not to mention utility patents that also abound. Law is difficult to grasp. “Now I’ve got patented plants, and half a dozen flower lines and all this other stuff. It wasn’t there seven years ago, and it’s all here now. Now all of a sudden I’m involved in this project with my company and with Bentley [Rolling]. We’ve been working on the Terps By Doc & Bentley flower release, which is showcasing how badass cultivators here in the Emerald Triangle are, which I have access to. They’re part of my network.”

Veterans can use cannabis

Doc Ray began to work behind-the scenes in order to protect and fortify his genes. He also participated in research on medical cannabis’ efficacy for veterans. “That’s one of my things,” he said. “My Bluestone genetics. Bluestone is a long-standing favorite. It’s all sativa-forward now. There’s no purple. It’s heavy smoke. My young friends all enjoy it. It’s my daily smoke. It’s a Blue Dream x Skunk #1 cross that I’ve been playing around with forever. One of my mentors is the Skunk #1 breeder in Humboldt. He’s been gone for a long time. It’s an homage to him. Blue Dream was created by a close friend. It’s an homage to her.” 

Dr. Sue Sisley serves as Principal Investigator in an FDA-approved randomized controlled clinical trial that examines the effects of smoked marijuana flowers on combat veterans with severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

“The plants now are patented for post-traumatic stress therapy,” Doc Ray said. “It’s on the list with Dr. Sue Sisley and the Scottsdale Research Institute for one of the plants. It’s in pre-clinical trials for post-traumatic stress for veterans. I’ve been talking to a lot of medical experts at the University of Davis. Five years ago, nobody gave a fuck about it.”

Doc Ray explained that everybody wants it for stress relief as it’s one of the most grounding flowers around, with a calmness that rolls over you. “I’m old school,” Doc Ray said. “I have a lot of shit on my head from my military career and from my civilian life. I can now let go of the demons and ghosts in my head. Twenty minutes later, my back and shoulder doesn’t hurt anymore. That’s the advantage of this plant. Put it on a shelf in a retail environment, for the adult consumer.”

“When I first started Terps with legendary Heritage Cultivator Doc Ray, I had no idea this was going on. I just knew I wanted to help him get his phenomenal genetics out to more people.” -Co-founder Bentley Rolling

Save Heritage Growers

Doc Ray explained that he’s growing top-tier, five-star indo, and his price point isn’t where the outdoor market is. “I’m at the top of the food chain,” he said. “Not at the bottom of the food chain. I have all these friends who are world class growers.”

According to him, small-scale growers have been subjected to severe economic hardship. People demand AAA bud, but nowadays they’re paying in the ballpark of $450 per pound. He finds it insulting—given the cost of manpower, payroll and workman’s comp., not to mention the overhead.

“That’s what this whole thing that I’ve mulled over these past couple of months,” Doc Ray said. “Supporting heritage farms, and [recognizing]Small mom and pop farmers are in dire straits. Most of them don’t produce 1,000 pounds of flower, they don’t produce 200 pounds of flower annually. Most of their flowers are between 50 and 100 pounds. You used to make $2,000 per kilogram and still be able to earn a living. At $400, that doesn’t even get you out of the hole to pay your bills and fees. They’re quitting left and right. Or even worse. On a personal note, I had a buddy kill himself because he didn’t see any alternative. How could people commit suicide in such a game?!”

The landscape changed rapidly after Proposition 64 was passed. Around the year of 2015, Doc Ray started noticing people who were saying they’ve been ripped off of their genetics. This was what he expected to see. 

That’s why Doc Ray and other OG farmers in the area started to consider legal protections a bit more seriously, despite the limitations of working in the “grey area” given the federal status of cannabis.

Intellectual Property

“I’ve got the best IP lawyer in the country,” Doc Ray said. “I have a legal team now. I’ve got people that represent me. You get it all: License brand agreements. Minimal purchases are my preference. I don’t take percentages. A dollar is a stamp that you can use for every cut. I want a percentage of every pound that’s turned. This is how it rolls now.”

He explained that it didn’t used to be that way. Doc Ray was an open-source guy and embraced open source genetics within the Emerald Triangle. But the truth of it is, he says, is that they’ve all been tried, ripped off, and stolen from and taken advantage of for decades. You have today’s industry dominated by people dressed in suits who never grew a single plant.

His experimentation began with how genetics could be placed in a way that small-scale growers would not get ripped off. “Most breeders don’t get it, honestly, much less growers,” Doc Ray says. “I’m not asking for a lot, I’m asking for a few pennies on every transaction with the intention that it’s going to be millions and millions of transactions. That’s where I put this thing at now. I own all of my genetic patenting; I’ve got a couple of small principal partners who are invested in what I do. My genetics are my property. Who I collaborate with is my decision. California is home to a few of my branding partners. You can get gear, but you can’t dilute it. This is what I am referring to, which I also tell them. If you see Kit-Kats roll in without paperwork, they don’t get my gear.”

If a grower rolls into town and has his paperwork, his Metrc, etc.—Doc Ray will work with them by all means. “I just don’t want outlaws to come in and rip me off all the fucking time,” he said. “That’s the model I’ve built, which is apparently pretty fuckin’ popular now. Three years ago, people said, “I can’t believe you’re going to patent plants!”

Doc Ray explained that old school growers in the area see the “rockstars” as musicians or book writers. That is the difference between an excellent novel and a mediocre tabloid article. The royalty part of his genetics must be from a controlled source, he explained. “You can make a killing on it, but you have to pay a little bit back to the source. That’s something that we’ve skipped over until now.”

Register Strains

Doc Ray has been exploring intellectual property rights recently, and Canopyright is helping him. Canopyright released a beta version last October of their secure and free-to use web platform, Hedera. Canopyright, the only place where both cannabis breeders and cultivators can register their strains, is the best.

“Canopyrights made a test project—a blockchain project—that’s just here in the Triangle right now,” said Doc. “But if we can get the thing to go out, it will be a way for mom-and-pop cultivators or breeders who have that one-of-a-kind can protect it by filing the paper with a digital timestamp on the blockchain that gives you some protection. And I went to my guys, and said, ‘will our thing be their thing in the court of law?’”

Doc Ray recognizes the existence of many possibilities. Anybody who’s not playing by the rules—this thing doesn’t protect them from shit. “My guys take DNA samples, and if it’s our DNA, we own your ass. That’s why genetic plant patenting is so important. That’s what I’ve done. People can still trade plants using the blockchain. They are protected and have some control, but it doesn’t cost much. My way is not expensive.” Doc Ray said he thinks the next five years are going to be critical for the black market. 

His vision is that younger breeders will soon enter the business. “We have to work together, or we’re doomed,” Doc Ray said. “I’m known for small scale. You’ll never see more than 25 pounds of anything. You just don’t see that anymore. I’ve been holding my price point up.” Doc Ray wants to leave something for his grandkids.

Enter Terps By Doc & Bentley

Terps By Doc & Bentley provides heritage cultivation with its own patented genetics—also providing a path to market for other heritage cultivators in the area including Jerry Savage of Savage Farms and Sean Stamm of SoHum Royal Cannabis Co.

The company was formed by old school Emerald Triangle legend Doc Ray and Bentley Rolling—both of whom set out to protect heritage cultivators and their original strains. There are two sides to the brand—its main flower line, with genetics grown by Doc Ray in-house; and its heritage Terps line featuring Emerald Triangle-based legends. 

“When I first started Terps with legendary Heritage Cultivator Doc Ray, I had no idea this was going on,” Co-founder Bentley Rolling told Chronic News. “I just knew I wanted to help him get his phenomenal genetics out to more people. He created and stabilized some of the most rare terpene profiles in existence, including Cup-winning Orange Cream Frost, Black Apple Kush, Blue Skunk and Pheno Select #5.” Bentley Rolling is also a Los Angeles-based filmmaker and photographer, who turned to cannabis for anxiety, like many others. On Bentley’s website, you can find advocate-oriented merchandise with slogans such as “Save Heritage Terps” or “Support Small Cannabis Farms.” 

Follow Terps Terps By Doc & Bentley on Instagram or visit bentleyrolling.com.